116th Senate — GGUM scores
GGUM ideal point estimates for the 116th Senate (members scored: 101 of 102; max PSRF: 1.099).
Download
Download S116-ggum-scores.csv — 102 members, 25 columns (Voteview metadata + GGUM θ, θ SD, PSRF).
Off-diagonal members
The following 3 members fall more than 2.5σ off the OLS fit of GGUM θ on W-NOMINATE dim-1. We flag these as diagnostic cases where the two scalings most disagree.
| Member | Party | State | nominate | GGUM θ | residual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KLOBUCHAR | D | MN | -0.28 | -3.33 | -1.14 |
| ROMNEY | R | UT | +0.29 | +1.27 | +1.06 |
| HAWLEY | R | MO | +0.82 | +1.46 | -1.03 |
Placements worth a second look
GGUM’s placement of the following members differs from what their established political reputations might lead a reader to expect. We draw attention to these cases so that researchers can consider them before using the estimates for a particular analysis; we are not alleging error.
KLOBUCHAR. Klobuchar is commonly viewed as a centrist Democrat. GGUM places her near the extreme-left pole in this chamber, 7th-most-left of 101 senators, though less extreme than several further-left colleagues.
ROMNEY. Romney is commonly viewed as a moderate Republican. GGUM places him in the middle of the Republican range in this chamber, close to the median of 54 Republicans rather than toward either pole.
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The prose on this page was drafted with Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.7, with plausibility audits by Claude Sonnet 4.5 subagents. The author edited and reviewed throughout.