102nd Senate — GGUM scores
GGUM ideal point estimates for the 102nd Senate (members scored: 101 of 102; max PSRF: 1.010).
Download
Download S102-ggum-scores.csv — 102 members, 25 columns (Voteview metadata + GGUM θ, θ SD, PSRF).
Off-diagonal members
The following 1 members fall more than 2.5σ off the OLS fit of GGUM θ on W-NOMINATE dim-1. We flag these as diagnostic cases where the two scalings most disagree.
| Member | Party | State | nominate | GGUM θ | residual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOLLINGS | D | SC | -0.29 | +0.08 | +0.63 |
Placements worth a second look
GGUM’s placement of the following members differs from what their established political reputations might lead a reader to expect. We draw attention to these cases so that researchers can consider them before using the estimates for a particular analysis; we are not alleging error.
DOLE. Dole is commonly viewed as a Senate Republican leader and institutional dealmaker who ran for president as a pragmatic centrist. GGUM places him among the twenty most conservative senators in this Congress.
COCHRAN. Cochran is commonly viewed as a mainstream appropriator, later primaried from the right in 2014 for being insufficiently conservative. GGUM places him as the single most conservative senator in this Congress.
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The prose on this page was drafted with Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.7, with plausibility audits by Claude Sonnet 4.5 subagents. The author edited and reviewed throughout.